International Poll: Public Supports a World Parliament and World Law

Andreas Bummel
Executive Director of Democracy Without Borders

An international survey carried out by the market research firm YouGov on behalf of the German Friedrich Ebert Foundation found that public sentiment in 13 of 15 countries covered in the study strongly approves of the creation of a world parliament. With the exception of two countries, respondents who “strongly” or “somewhat” approved of the notion significantly outweighed those who oppose it.

It is often claimed that nationalism is on the rise again. But many people, often clear majorities, would support institutional moves towards building a global society. This poll confirms that they would endorse a global democracy that is empowered to deal with global challenges. Governments should no longer ignore this desire and potential.

On average, 60% of respondents leaned towards supporting “the creation of a new global parliament that represents every country in the world, where every country would be represented based on how many citizens it has, rather than its own national government representation to the UN”. 

The survey question further elaborated that

the Parliament would meet to handle global issues like global peace, climate change, and emergency situations like pandemics. The Parliament would be part of a global legislative system that under certain circumstances would pass legally binding laws to govern the world as a whole. Would you support or oppose the founding of a World Parliament?

Only 22% on average leaned towards disapproval. Top support was recorded in Kenya where an overwhelming majority of 81% leaned towards approving of a world parliament with 52% voicing strong and 29% somewhat support. Only 17% disapproved and 2% answered they do not know, the lowest figure in this category registered in the entire poll.

Next on the list, in order of the percentage of those leaning towards support, are India (78% in favor and 10% opposed), South Africa (73% and 21%), Tunisia (71% and 13%), Indonesia (68% and 13%), South Korea (65% and 18%), Japan (63% and 13%), Turkey (59% and 17%), Argentina (58% and 20%), Germany (56% and 26%), France (53% and 27%), Brazil (50% and 24%) and Poland (49% and 25%). At the bottom of the 15-country-poll are the United Kingdom (41% and 37%) and the United States (38% and 42%) which were also the only cases where more respondents “strongly opposed” rather than “strongly supported” the notion.

An extensive study carried out earlier on sentiments toward global democracy found majority support in the UK and the United States as well.[i] The new survey as well as earlier ones show consistently broad public support for binding global decision-making as opposed to voluntary international agreements only.[ii]

According to Democracy Without Borders which has been running a campaign for a UN Parliamentary Assembly for over 15 years, the actual proposal of a world parliament is that of a two chamber system. One chamber would continue representing the governments of member states while the other would be composed of elected parliamentarians. The parliamentary body thus would not replace but complement national government representation.

Previous survey experiments indicated that people prefer such a two chamber system over the status quo of exclusive government representation at the UN.[iii] The idea was recently endorsed in a report of an international study group that presented propoals and principles for a revision of the 1945 UN Charter with a view of the UN’s Summit of the Future scheduled for September 2024.[iv]

The public also endorses pragmatic first steps in the direction of a world parliament. A 12-country-poll released in June 2023 found that on average 62% supported the proposal of setting up a UN Parliamentary Network “to inform parliamentarians of the UN’s agenda and obtain their feedback on it”.[v] At the time, the researchers concluded that the barrier to reforming global governance “is not popular opposition” but the reluctance of governments.

In an introduction to the new Global Solidarity Report that draws on international survey data, too, Barbados’ Prime Minister Mia Mottley wrote that “people worldwide share more solidarity than governments have hitherto harnessed”.[vi]

According to a UN General Assembly resolution adopted on 1 September 2023, the UN Summit of the Future is to approve of an “outcome document” which includes a chapter on “transforming global governance”.[vii]

Up to this point, however, the question of enhancing democratic representation and participation at the UN through a UN parliamentary body has been ignored[viii] in the official run-up to the summit[ix] despite strong popular support and thoroughly thought through proposals. In particular, the establishment of a UN Parliamentary Assembly, a proposal[x] that lies between the low-threshold UN Parliamentary Network and the high-ambition world parliament idea, has attracted wide support in civil society, among experts, and from parliamentarians.[xi] In September 2022, it was endorsed by then Foreign Minister of Malaysia, Saifuddin bin Abdullah.[xii]

A statement released by the Climate Governance Commission in September 2023 notes, among other things, that diplomatic deliberation on “deeper reforms” of the international architecture “should commence immediately”, including on establishing “a parliamentary body or bodies at the United Nations and other international organizations to advise and better represent the world’s peoples”.[xiii] The Commission will present a detailed report in November.

Governments of the countries covered in this recent poll could leverage relevant diplomatic moves on strong popular support. Kenyan President William Ruto in particular has been promoting ambitious global proposals such as a global financial transaction tax or a global carbon emission taxation regime both of which made it into the Nairobi declaration of African heads of government adopted in September 2023. Following the logic of “no taxation without representation”, it would only be a small step to embracing the notion of a global parliament.

The data on public support of a world parliament was part of the fourth annual FES Global Census[xiv] which examines public opinion on key matters of multilateralism and international cooperation. The data was shared with Democracy Without Borders and is published with kind permission.

[i] https://www.democracywithoutborders.org/20592/

[ii] https://www.democracywithoutborders.org/15217/

[iii] https://www.democracywithoutborders.org/23635/

[iv] https://www.democracywithoutborders.org/29633/

[v] https://www.democracywithoutborders.org/28114/

[vi] https://www.democracywithoutborders.org/29725/

[vii] https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/LTD/N23/252/95/PDF/N2325295.pdf?OpenElement

[viii] https://www.democracywithoutborders.org/27478/

[ix] https://www.democracywithoutborders.org/20784/

[x] https://www.democracywithoutborders.org/14179/

[xi] https://www.wethepeoples.org/

[xii] https://www.democracywithoutborders.org/23991/

[xiii] https://ggin.stimson.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Governing-our-Planetary-Emergency-CGC-Statement-UNGA-2.pdf

[xiv] https://ny.fes.de/article/fes-global-census-2023